Harlequin Frog, Atelopus varius (Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856). Photographed near Monteverde, Costa Rica. Males reach 39 mm, females 48 mm. This bufonid inhabits Costa Rica and western Panama. Harlequin frogs live along small, high gradient streams that transect rainforests. The bright colors are aposematic (warning coloration) for predators, for this species' skin contains large amounts of TTX (tetrodotoxin).

Slender Legged Toad, Ansonia leptopus (Gunther, 1872). Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Island of Borneo). A. leptopus lives along large streams, females reach 60 mm, males are smaller, about 35 mm. It occurs in primary rainforest and this one was sitting on a rock, next to the water. It occur at low elevations in Borneo, and possibly peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra (these populations may represent a different species).

Spiny Stream Toad, Ansonia spinulifera (Mocquard, 1890). Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Island of Borneo). Females reach 50 mm, males 41 mm. It is a primary rainforest toad that deposits its eggs in fast moving streams. The tadpoles may ascend vertical cliffs that are in the splash zone. It is known from a few localities in Sabah and Sarawak.

Slender-legged Toad, Leptophryne borbonica (Tschudi, 1838). Photographed in southern Thailand at the Tong Na Chang Water Fall, near Hat Yai. This species inhabits the rainforest of Peninsular Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. It usually occurs in the vicinity of streams.

Colorado River Toad, Ollotis alvaria Girard, 1859. S. Arizona. This large toad inhabits the Colorado and Gila river drainage basins in the USA, and ranges southwards into Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico. It is a nocturnal and semi-aquatic, desert dwelling toad that appears shortly before the summer rains. Although it may be active in areas where humans have increased the water supply (irrigation ditches). The skin secretion is particularly toxic. The specimen in the photograph was a captive of unknown origins. This frog has also been placed in the genus Cranopsis. Click on the photo for more neotropical toads in the genera Ollotis and Rhinella.

American toad, Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836). Kankakee County, Illinois USA. A toadlet that has just transformed from a tadpole. Formerly placed in the genus Bufo. Click on the photo for more toads in the genus Anaxyrus.

Giant Asian River Toad, Phrynoides asper (Gravenhorst, 1829). Photographed in southern Thailand near Hat Yai (top photo - note that the identification of the toad in the upper photo is questionable; lower photo taken in Khao Luang National Park). This species occurs from southern Myanmar through western and peninsular Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. It also occurs on Borneo, Sumatra and Java. This is a giant toad, that rivals, if not exceeds the sizes attained by the marine toad. Formerly placed in the genus Bufo.

Inger's River Toad, Phrynoides juxtasper (Inger, 1964). Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Island of Borneo). This large toad occurs in Borneo and Sumatra. It uses primary rain forest as well as habitats disturbed by man. Females may reach 215 mm. Like many bufonids it feeds on ants as well as other invertebrates Formerly placed in the genus Bufo.

Malayan Dwarf Toad, Ingerophrynus divergens (Peters, 1871). Photographed in the Danum Valley of Sabah, Malaysia (Island of Borneo). Males reach 45 mm, females attain 65 mm in total length. This small toad lives in the leaf litter of forests, usually close to streams. Formerly placed in the genus Bufo.

"Bufo scaber". Photographed at Giratale, Sri Lanka. Also, known from peninsular India. It was found next to a termite nest (the background) in a dry forest. In Sri Lanka it has been also been called Ferguson's Toad. Its relationship to other bufonids is uncertain at present which is why its scientific name in quotation marks. See comments on the American Museum's Amphibian's of the World database.

Black-spined Toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799). Kandy, Sri Lanka. This is a large, toxic toad, widespread in South and Southeast Asia. It has apparently been introduced on to some Indonesian Islands, and Papua New Guinea. Formerly placed in the genus Bufo.

Indochinese Dwarf Toad, Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887). Photographed in Khao Luang National Park, Thailand. This toad was calling on a huge boulder with small pools of water, the boulder was next to a stream. Formerly placed in the genus Bufo.

Brown Tree Toad, Pedostibes hosii Boulenger, 1892. Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah (Island of Borneo). This is a toad of primary rainforests that spends much of its time in trees and lays its eggs in small pools along the edges of streams. Females attain a total length of 104 mm, males reach 79 mm. Males call from low vegetation along streams.

Rough Tree Toad, Pedostibes rugosus Inger, 1958. Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Island of Borneo). This species is endemic to Borneo and restricted to primary and old secondary forests at low to moderate elevations. Females reach 95 mm, males 76 mm.