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| Hansen's Bush Frog, Chiromantis hansenae (Cochran, 1927). Photographed near the village of Ban Ba Dan, in Central Thailand. The female was laying her eggs on the grass blade about 8 PM in a shallow wet area near the village's reservoir. This frog has been placed in the genera Chirixalus, Philautus, and Rhacophorus. It lives in wet grassy areas and deposits its eggs on blades of grass (upper), or on flowers (middle). Adults are tiny at a total length of 21-24 mm. It occurs in central and eastern Thailand and presumably nearby Cambodia. Its call resembles an insect call. |
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| The Pearly Treefrog, Nyctixalus pictus (Peters, 1871), Danum Valley, Sabah (Island of Borneo). N. pictus uses water filled tree holes in rain forest and swamp forests that are about one meter above ground. Females deposit up to 15 eggs that hang off the wall of the tree cavity. It occurs in Malaysia, Thailand, and the Greater Sunda Islands. The skin is covered with small tubercles and the skin on top of the head is ossified with the skull. Adult females reach 35 mm, adult males are slightly smaller. |
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| The Sri Lankan Bush Frog, Philautus schmarda (Kelaart, 1854) is known only from the forested hill area of central Sri Lanka between 800 and 2300 feet above sea level. It can be found in low vegetation and on the ground. This frog has also been placed in the genus Theloderma. It has been given the English name, Bug-eyed Treefrog. |
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| The Spurred Treefrog, Polpedates eques Gunther, 1858, inhabits the upper elevations of Sri Lanka's central hills. Females reach 71 mm, but males are frequently less than half that size. Photographed in south central Sri Lanka. |
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| The Common Asian Treefrog, Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829). This wide ranging species (eastern India to southern China southward to Java, Borneo, and the Philippines) is most likely a complex of species. Considering that the type locality is Java it is unlikely that the specimens in the photographs here are actually P. leucomystax, these are all specimens from Thailand. The amplexing pair were photographed in Khao Luang National Park in southern Thailand. These frogs inhabit urban settings as well as primary and secondary growth forests (usually edge situations). Males reach at least 50 mm, females reach 75 mm in total length. |
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| The Eared Treefrog, Polypedates otilophus (Boulenger, 1893). Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah (Island of Borneo). This is a large frog with females reaching at least 97 mm, and males are somewhat smaller. Its common name comes from the serrated bony crest above the ear drum. It is most common in second growth forest and disturbed habitats. Eggs are laid in foam masses about 30 cm above ground in low vegetation. It is known from Sumatra and Borneo. |
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| The Frilled Treefrog, Rhacophorus appendiculatus (Gunther, 1858) occurs in the Malayan peninsula and the Greater Sunda Islands. Pphotographed in the Danum Valley of Sabah (Island of Borneo). Adult males reach 37 mm, females 50 mm. Above is an adult male found in a swamp forest surrounded by rainforest, but the species is also known to use secondary growth. |
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| Blue Spotted Treefrog, Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus Manthey and Steiof, 1998 from Khao Luang National Park in southern Thailand. This species inhabits primary rainforests (and probably secondary growth) in southern Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Females attain 43 mm, males 35 mm. |
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The Jade Treefrog, Rhacophorus dulitenisis Boulenger, 1892 is known from Sumatra and Borneo. It uses pig and rhinoceros wallows for tadpole development with the eggs being laid in foam nests on vegetation around the wallows. Its skin is extremely translucent, and in this characteristic it is convergent with the Neotropical glass frogs. Photographed in the Danum Valley of Sabah. |
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Harrison's Treefrog, Rhacophorus harrisoni Inger and Haile, 1959 inhabits rain forest and swamp forest. They have been found in both epiphytes and tree holes. Eggs are in a foam nest attached to bark above water filled tree holes. Females reach 70 mm, males 55 mm in total length. It is a Borneo endemic. Photographed in the Danum Valley of Sabah. |
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| Inger's Treefrog, Rhacophorus gauni (Inger, 1966), is a Borneo endemic found in primary rainforest and associated with stream riffles. Eggs are deposited in foam nests on vegetation over streams. Photographed in the Danum Valley of Sabah. |
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| White Eared Treefrog, Rhacophorus kajau (Dring, 1984). This tiny rhacophorid is endemic to Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia, island of Borneo). Photographed in the Danum Valley of Sabah. It was found along a stream sitting on vegetation. Maximum size is about 20 mm. |
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| Wallace's Flying Frog, Rhacophorus nigropalmatus Boulenger, 1895 inhabits peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. This animals was photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia Island of Borneo). Females reach 100 mm, males reach about 90 mm. It is a canopy frog that descends to deposit its eggs, the tadpoles develop in pig and rhinoceros wallows. It has evolved an increased surface area with extensive webbing between the digits and expanded flaps of tissue on its limbs. These can be seen in the bottom photo. |
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| The Harlequin Treefrog, Rhacophorus pardalis Gunther, 1859 is a parachuting species that uses primary and secondary growth forests as well as forest-edge situations. Females reach 75 mm, males reach about 55 mm. It is known from peninsular Malaysia, the Greater Sunda Islands, and the Philippines. Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah (island of Borneo). |
There are at least nine genera and more than 250 species in this family. A few inhabit sub-Sahara Africa and Madagascar; but most occur in South Asia including Nepal, India, Sri Lanka; and range eastward to China, Japan, the Philippines and Sulawesi (Indonesia). As the common name suggests most of these frogs are arboreal, they lay their eggs in standing water, sometimes the water is in plant axials, or in a foam nets in trees or on plants. At least few species have become parachutists, some inhabit tree holes, and at least a few show terrestrial tendencies. The smallest are in the 12-15 mm range, the largest are about 120 mm. Alfred R. Wallace described the discovery of Rhacophorus nigropalmatus in the following passage from The Malay Archipelago, 1869.
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