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Squamata, Serpentes: Natricidae, Natricinae: Old World Water Snakes |
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The Painted Mock Viper, Psammodynastes pictus Gunther, 1858. Photographed in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Island of Borneo). This snake inhabits Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia, and Singapore. Adult maximum size about 500 mm. It uses stream edges and hunts fish and prawns from overhanging vegetation. Note: a recent study suggests that this snake may not be a natricid.
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The Red Neck Keelback, Rhabdophis subminiatus (Schlegel, 1837). Photographed in Khao Luang National Park in southern Thailand. Adult maximum size 1.3 m. Widespread in South Asia and Southeastern Asia to southern China. Inhabits forests but will also enter yards and gardens. Usually associated with water. It feeds on frogs and toads. Toxins from the anurans are stored in a gland located under the red skin on the neck, and are released to deter predators. This snake also has venom that causes severe coagulopathy and depletion of fibrinogen. This results in excessive bleeding. No human deaths have been reported from the bites of this snake but they are a threat to human health.
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The Barred Bellied Keelback, Xenochrophis cf. flavipunctata. Photographed in central Thailand. Adult maximum site is about 1.1 m. This is a common snake in rice fields and open grasslands, and it is usually associated with bodies of water. It feeds on frogs and is active day and night. These snakes do not hesitate to bite, and when grabbed by the tail, they will spin their body and break off their tail to escape capture.
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The Plain Belly Keelback, Xenochrophis cf piscator (Schneider, 1799). Photographed in central Thailand. This snake uses forested areas and is associated with bodies of water. Maximum adult size is about 1.2 m. It feeds on fish and frogs. This species has a wide distribution ranging from India to southern China. Note that snakes in the genus Xenochrophis are confused taxonomically and this confusion is widespread in the literature. Some of these snakes are often called "Checkered Keelbacks." Some species are checkered, others are not.
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